卢旺达央行推进雄心勃勃的零售 CBDC 项目

Rwanda Central Bank Embarks on Innovative Retail CBDC Project

卢旺达央行启动创新零售 CBDC 项目

The National Bank of Rwanda (BNR) has unveiled its comprehensive feasibility study on a retail central bank digital currency (CBDC), now open for public feedback.

卢旺达国家银行（BNR）公布了其关于零售央行数字货币（CBDC）的全面可行性研究，现已开放征求公众反馈。

BNR envisions a national digital currency tailored to Rwanda's unique conditions, leveraging technological advancements and addressing local challenges. A retail CBDC would accelerate the country's cashless economy initiative and bolster the resilience of its financial system, which faces intermittent power outages.

BNR 设想一种针对卢旺达独特条件、利用技术进步并解决当地挑战的国家数字货币。零售 CBDC 将加速该国的无现金经济计划，并增强其面临间歇性断电的金融体系的弹性。

Despite its cashless aspirations, the central bank estimates spending $35 million on printing and maintaining its cash supply over the next five years.

尽管有无现金的愿望，央行预计在未来五年内将花费 3500 万美元用于印刷和维持现金供应。

BNR proposes an interest-free, intermediated CBDC that seamlessly integrates with existing payment systems and potentially other CBDCs, subject to amendments to the Central Bank Act. The recommended model is token-based, enabling offline transfers via Bluetooth or Near Field Communication (NFC) without requiring smartphones. This contrasts with current electronic payment options.

BNR 提出了一种无息、中介的 CBDC，可以与现有支付系统和潜在的其他 CBDC 无缝集成，但须遵守《中央银行法》的修正案。推荐的模型是基于令牌的，无需智能手机即可通过蓝牙或近场通信 (NFC) 进行离线传输。这与当前的电子支付选项形成对比。

Open programmability and smart contracts offer potential benefits, but the study acknowledges the trade-off with privacy and security. The BNR anticipates "partial pseudo-anonymity" for the CBDC.

开放可编程性和智能合约提供了潜在的好处，但该研究承认需要在隐私和安全之间进行权衡。 BNR 预计 CBDC 将实现“部分伪匿名”。

Payment service providers currently account for less than 0.9% of Rwanda's financial sector, facing challenges such as low financial literacy, high remittance costs, and a significant informal economy. The BNR believes reducing cash in circulation could formalize more of the economy.

目前，支付服务提供商在卢旺达金融部门的占比不足0.9%，面临着金融知识水平低、汇款成本高以及非正规经济严重等挑战。法国央行认为，减少流通中的现金可以使经济更加正规化。

The study recommends user fees and holding limits, but details are yet to be defined. Public acceptance of the CBDC remains an open question.

该研究建议了使用费和持有限额，但细节尚未确定。公众对 CBDC 的接受程度仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。

BNR favors a distributed database model for reliability, utilizing the World Economic Forum's CBDC Policy-Maker Toolkit for analysis.

BNR 倾向于使用分布式数据库模型来提高可靠性，并利用世界经济论坛的 CBDC 政策制定者工具包进行分析。

Tokenized wholesale CBDC projects have been explored by Mastercard, Ripple, the European Central Bank, and the Bank for International Settlements' Project Agora. Tokenization in a retail CBDC may represent a novel innovation.

万事达卡、Ripple、欧洲中央银行和国际清算银行的项目 Agora 都在探索代币化批发 CBDC 项目。零售 CBDC 中的代币化可能代表了一项新颖的创新。

Offline CBDC transfers are also an active research area. China's digital yuan incorporates solutions similar to those proposed by the BNR.

线下 CBDC 转账也是一个活跃的研究领域。中国的数字人民币采用了与 BNR 提出的解决方案类似的解决方案。

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